5 Reasons why Gold Mining is bad for the environment!

1. When you go to the jewellery store and purchase that beautiful 18kt gold ring that you’ve dreamt about, think on this; that ring has left behind 20 tons of cyanide and ore based waste.

2. In the modern world gold is mined using ‘Open Pit Methods’. This involves excavating and blasting gigantic holes into the Earth’s outer crust. The result? Less than 10 grams (5/100ths) of an ounce of gold per ton of rock.

3. In 1783, Swedish chemist Carle Wilhelm Scheele discovered that gold can be chemically dissolved by cyanide. Today Sodium Cyanide Solutions are used to dissolve and extract the gold from the ore (the blasted rock). Gold, being one of the most chemically stable elements on the planet, has a natural resistance to chemical changes that could otherwise tarnish its surface or physically degrade it. This makes gold highly sought after for a variety of uses - jewellery of course, but also in electronics and medical equipment.

4. The use of Cyanide, as well as the disposal of the slurry (the waste product), is a major global environmental concern. Recognised as a well known poison, hydrogen-cyanide is acutely toxic to humans and in a gaseous state it can be fatal. Cyanide is also harmful to the worlds’ wildlife such as mammals, birds and fish, all of which can have acute toxicity reactions to even the smallest amount of exposure to these solutions.

5. There exists the real potential for cataclysmic cyanide spills related to gold mining and if cyanide solutions leach into the soils or the groundwater it would introduce toxic levels of cyanide into the local ecosystems and effectively destroying them.*

In 2000, heavy rain, ice and snow caused a breach in the tailings dam (tailings are the cyanide-treated ore wastes, from which gold has been removed) at a gold mine in Baia Mare, Romania. This resulted in the release of 100,000 cubic metres of cyanide-rich waste into the surrounding watershed. Drinking water supplies were cut off for 2.5 million people and nearly all the fish in the surrounding waters were killed.
* Quoted from The Environmental Literacy Council - Gold Mining.
http://www.enviroliteracy.org/article.php/1120.html

No Dirty Gold signs up 50th jewelry retailer!

Campaign celebrates its fifth anniversary

February  2009.

Just days before its 5th anniversary on Valentine’s Day, the No Dirty Gold campaign signed up its 50th signatory to the Golden Rules for more responsible sourcing of precious metals. The retailers, representing 23% of the US jewelry market, have pledged to source metals that were produced in accordance with the human rights, social, and environmental criteria of the Golden Rules.

Gold mining remains one of the dirtiest industries in the world, and jewelry retailers and consumers are increasingly concerned. Gold mining is still linked to violent conflict, people being displaced from their lands and livelihoods, and waterways poisoned with toxic chemicals.

Recycling Importance of Gold and Lead

Gold Re-cycling

Humans pollute the air in many ways from smoking cigarettes to driving a car, but the single most polluting activity done on Earth is mining for gold. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), mercury pollution from trash incineration, hazardous waste collection, and mercury mining combined still does not add up to half the total amount of mercury pollution made by gold mining (Ingenthron, 2004).

In 1998, an overall recycling rate of 29 percent was reached when consumed scrap was compared to domestic supply (Amey, 2005). Old scrap consists of jewellery, dental materials, plating solutions, electronic equipment etc. and new scrap are usually industrial and is nearly completely recycled or recirculated. The recycling rate for old scrap is at 96 percent which amounted to 175 metric tons (Amey, 2005).

Not all gold can be recovered from recycled items, for example; it is becoming increasingly difficult to obtain the gold out of electronic products that are becoming more miniaturized. The high percentage of recycling is attributed to the high value placed on the mineral. An estimated 85 percent of all the gold ever mined can be accounted for (Amey, 2005). The missing 15 percent has either been lost or used in some kind of industrial process where it is cannot be readily retrieved (Amey, 2005).

After gold has been mined, approximately 63 percent is used in jewellery (which includes art), 21 percent as coins, 15 percent in some kind of industrial use including electronics, and the other 1 percent in dental (Amey, 2005). Since jewelry and coins are usually kept as collector pieces, family heirlooms, or personal wear, the highest percentage of gold that can be recycled by the average person is in their electronics.

The handling, accountability, and security in the generation, collection, and distribution part of the recycling industries is usually very extensive and elaborate. Many times all items that even come in contact with the gold is also processed to obtain as much of the gold as possible. This includes the gloves, aprons, and dust masks worn by the workers and the tools used to dust or sweep the shops. Even the floors are burned just to recover any gold that may be on them (Amey, 2005).

During the recycling process, any impurities including lead, copper, and silver that are found during the process are gathered into a “sludge” (Amey, 2005). This “sludge” contains all the platinum-group metals, which are recovered through various other methods (Amey, 2005).

The Vermont Recycler Registers have a patent for a method they use in making “100% recycled content” wedding rings from recycled computers. This idea was done to help provide an alternative to mining gold, and to help promote computer recycling (Ingenthron, 2004).

Gold used to help US recycling

A new system has been launched which uses recycled wedding bands instead of gold mining. The idea by Good Point Recycling offers an alternative to mining and helps to promote electronics recycling in the US. According to the group, gold mining in the US produces more mercury pollution than any other activity and it hopes the recycled bands will be more popular than recycled paper. Payal Sampat, international campaign director at Earthworks claimed: “Producing a single gold ring generates on average 20 tonnes of mine waste.”Robin Ingenthron, founder of Good Point Recycling explained: “We started off just looking at ways to make computer recycling less expensive, and that led us to recovery of gold and copper from the computers.”When we found out how much cleaner recycled gold is than mined gold, we were determined to do more and more of it.”

World Gold Council figures for 2001-2005 show that recycled gold constituted 23 per cent of gold being sold worldwide over the period, much of it being extracted from jewellery.

The figure is considerably less than the amount supplied by gold mining, but still greater than the amount of gold yielded by the sales of central bank reserves (only 15 per cent).

Goldbug, 05 Sep ‘07